How to Care for a Rabbit: Diet, Housing & Companionship
Vet-reviewed by Veterinary Reviewer, DVM · Last reviewed June 2026
The most important thing: hay, hay, hay
Unlimited good-quality hay or grass should make up around 85% of a rabbit’s diet — it wears down their constantly growing teeth and keeps their gut moving. Add a handful of leafy greens daily and only a small measured amount of pellets. Muesli-style mixes are best avoided as they cause selective feeding and dental and gut disease.
Space and companionship
Rabbits need room to run, stand up, and dig — a large connected enclosure or a rabbit-proofed space, not a tiny hutch. They’re highly social and should usually be kept in neutered, bonded pairs; a lone rabbit is often a lonely rabbit. They also need things to chew, hide in, and forage for.
Health essentials
Vaccinate against myxomatosis and rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD1 and RHD2) — both are widespread and usually fatal. Neuter (prevents unwanted litters, reduces aggression, and avoids the very common uterine cancer in females), and check daily for signs of flystrike in warm months, a life-threatening emergency where flies lay eggs on a dirty rear.
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Frequently asked questions
Can rabbits live alone?
They're social and usually much happier in a neutered, bonded pair.
What should rabbits not eat?
Avoid muesli mixes, too many pellets, and sugary or starchy treats; never feed iceberg lettuce in quantity.
Do rabbits need vaccinations?
Yes — against myxomatosis and RHD (RHD1 and RHD2), which are usually fatal.