How to Brush a Dog's Teeth: Daily Dental Care at Home

Why dental care matters

Periodontal disease is one of the most common conditions in adult dogs. Bacteria from infected gums can enter the bloodstream and affect the heart, liver, and kidneys. Bad breath is often the first sign owners notice, but by then damage may already be underway. Home brushing slows plaque formation; professional scaling under anaesthesia treats established disease.

Supplies

• Enzymatic toothpaste formulated for dogs (poultry or malt flavours are common)
• A soft dog toothbrush, finger brush, or child-sized soft brush for small mouths
• Treats for reinforcement

Dental wipes are a partial alternative for dogs who refuse brushes but are less effective.

Building tolerance

Dogs rarely accept full brushing immediately. Spend several days touching the muzzle, then lifting lips, then rubbing a finger along teeth with paste. Only introduce the brush once your dog is comfortable. Puppies adapt faster than adult dogs with no prior experience, but older dogs can still learn with patience.

Brushing technique

Position yourself where your dog is relaxed — beside a small dog, behind a larger one. Lift the lip and brush at a 45-degree angle to the gum line, using small circles. You do not need to brush the inner surfaces; the tongue keeps most of those cleaner. The back upper teeth collect the most plaque — prioritise those if time is short.

Beyond brushing

Annual dental checks at your vet identify problems early. Professional cleanings remove tartar below the gum line that brushing cannot reach. Avoid hard bones that fracture teeth; veterinary-approved dental diets and chews can supplement — not replace — brushing.

Related guides: Pet dental care basics · How to care for a puppy · Choosing a vet for your pet