How to Care for a Cat: The Complete Welfare Guide

Vet-reviewed by Veterinary Reviewer, DVM · Last reviewed June 2026

Cats need a complete meat-based diet, a safe territory with hiding and high spots, health care (vaccinations, neutering, parasite control), and outlets for natural behaviour — hunting-style play, scratching, and choice over their environment. Crucially, resources like food, water, litter trays, and beds should be spread out so a cat never feels cornered.

Why cats have different needs from dogs

Cats are independent, territorial hunters that haven’t been domesticated as long as dogs. They feel safe when they have control: places to hide, high perches to watch from, and predictable routines. Stress in cats often shows as hiding, over-grooming, toileting outside the tray, or cystitis — usually signs the environment isn’t meeting their needs.

The litter-tray rule and resource spreading

A common guideline is one litter tray per cat plus one spare, placed in quiet, separate spots away from food and water. Multi-cat homes especially need resources spread out to reduce competition and stress.

Health basics every cat needs

Vaccinations (cat flu, enteritis, and often feline leukaemia), year-round flea and worm control, neutering, microchipping (a legal requirement for pet cats in England), dental checks, and prompt vet care when behaviour or appetite changes.

Related guides: Indoor vs outdoor cats · Neutering a cat · Cat body language

Frequently asked questions

How many litter trays for two cats?

Three — one per cat plus one spare, in separate locations.

Do indoor cats need vaccinations?

Yes — diseases can still reach them, and boarding or vet visits expose them.

Is microchipping cats compulsory in the UK?

In England, pet cats must be microchipped — check current rules for your nation.