{
  "@context": "https://schema.org",
  "@type": "Taxon",
  "slug": "electric-ray",
  "name": "Common Torpedo",
  "scientificName": "Torpedo torpedo",
  "category": "Fish",
  "summary": "The common torpedo (Torpedo torpedo) is a Mediterranean electric ray that stuns prey with up to 220 volts. Adults reach 60 cm and 8 kg, and are listed Vulnerable.",
  "conservationStatus": "Vulnerable",
  "taxonomy": {
    "kingdom": "Animalia",
    "phylum": "Chordata",
    "class": "Chondrichthyes",
    "order": "Torpediniformes",
    "family": "Torpedinidae",
    "genus": "Torpedo"
  },
  "stats": {
    "weightKg": 7,
    "lengthM": 0.6,
    "topSpeedKmh": 10,
    "lifespanYears": 12
  },
  "facts": [
    {
      "label": "Scientific name",
      "value": "Torpedo torpedo"
    },
    {
      "label": "Diet",
      "value": "Carnivore"
    },
    {
      "label": "Habitat",
      "value": "Sandy and muddy seabeds"
    },
    {
      "label": "Lifespan",
      "value": "10–15 years"
    },
    {
      "label": "Weight",
      "value": "5–10 kg"
    },
    {
      "label": "Top speed",
      "value": "up to 10 km/h"
    },
    {
      "label": "Conservation status",
      "value": "Vulnerable (IUCN)"
    }
  ],
  "range": {
    "nativeRange": "Coastal Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic.",
    "continents": [
      "Europe",
      "Africa"
    ]
  },
  "sources": [],
  "lastReviewed": "2026-07-16",
  "canonicalUrl": "https://globalanimalguide.org/animals/electric-ray/",
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/",
    "attribution": "Global Animal Guide — https://globalanimalguide.org/animals/electric-ray/",
    "note": "Free to reuse for non-commercial purposes with attribution and a link back to the canonical page."
  }
}